Basics of Photography

Camera Diagram

The word "photography" comes from the French State but is based on the word Greece and literally meaning "drawing with light". So the art in photography is essentially the art of seeing and balancing the light.

The illustration on the show the way light moves from an object to the sensor (or film in non-digital cameras) :

1. The first light should enter through the lens, which is a series of pieces of glass convex concave. If the focus were obtained with good then the light will be met on the sensor.
2. The light will pass through the Aperture (sort of a large aperture opening can be arranged) which are placed inside the lens. Basically a mechanical opening that controls how much light reaches the sensor.
3. For DSLR camera type, before touching the sensor light will be reflected through the Mirror (the mirror) and into the Prism to be forwarded to the user's eye and eyepiece. Mirrorless cameras, for the kind of direct light hits the sensor and objects displayed on the LCD.
4. Shutter is located inside the body of the camera right in front of the sensor. Shutter doubles as mechanics in determining how long the/mengontrol sensor is exposed to light.
5. The Sensor is a highly sensitive square disc where light is absorbed, it is converted to digital information in the form of pixel colors that make up an image/photo.

Aperture

The Aperture is located inside the lens and control how much light can pass through the lens to the sensor. A large Aperture allows a lot of light through the small openings and instead make the light a bit. Find out how aperture affects picture is one of the most important part of photography, which among other things affect:

1. The amount of light
2. Depth of field
3. Lens speed
4. Image sharpness
5. Vignetting

Figure F is a mathematical number which expresses the diameter of the aperture, is an important part of understanding how aperture and exposure work. All numbers have generic notation of F, i.e. f/5.6 or f/2.8. There are a few number of sets of numbers F used in photography, there are several different scales but "standard" scale digits F full-stop are:

f/1.4 (largest aperture, in fact there are also f/1 greater)

f/2

f/2.8

f/4

f/5.6

f/8

f/11

f/16

f/22 (smallest f-number)

This is known as full-F stop number. If you lose the number one full-stop F eg f/4 to f/2.8, which means that the amount of light that passes will be two-fold more. If you increase the number of F-one full stop, such as f/5.6 to f/8, then only half the amount of light that reaches the sensor. Why a small number of larger bukaannya kok? because that number as the number of divisors of f (focal length).

There are some number of digits between F full-stop above depending on what scale is being used. The most common are 1/3 scale, meaning that every third step is full-stop, thus giving You two settings between each full-stop. E.g. between f/8 and f/11 can we set f/9 and f/10.

Shutter

Shutter is the mechanism that controls how long the sensor is exposed to light. The longer the shutter opens more light can be captured by the sensor. The bar-shaped Shutter can open and close quickly, but long time membukannya can be called with the shutter speed. Shutter speed high will produce an object freeze does not move and the slow shutter speed captures the movement of the moving object (picture a blur).

There is a stop for the shutter speed scale as in aperture, the examples below are a full-stop (in seconds/second):

1/16000, 1/8000, 1/4000, 1/2000, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

And as with aperture, shutter speed in General can also have a 1/3 scale, giving the two steps between each full-stop. For example between 1/60 and 1/125 to 1/80 and use 1/100.

Two main factors controlling exposure is the shutter speed and aperture. At this time also has been developing an electronic shutter its name which no longer involves mechanisms open and close the slats, but fully electronic engineering.

ISO

ISO speed (derived from the International Organization for Standardization) is a measure of film speed or sensitivity to light. Digital camera ISO affect the sensor. A low ISO speed takes a long time for the lighting, high ISO speed takes a little to give the same exposure.

One step in ISO equals one full-stop. ISO not found on a scale of 1/3. Here are the most common ISO speeds.

ISO 50 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 12800 25600

On 35 mm film, film with high ISO speed has more buliran than a slower film – but modern sensor does not use the same mechanism. So digital sensors creates noise. Digital Noise is not good look like on film grain. Look above example, high ISO image noise is annoying.

If there is no problem of lighting, then always use a low ISO number, but if you're in the room with low light or other conditions when you find the shutter/aperture combination is not enough, then the ISO speed can be enlarged. New digital sensors continue to be developed and the level of noise with higher ISO speed decreases on each release of a new camera.